Making Sure Retractions Matter

Making sure late endosomes are on time

Early endosomes collect and sort cargoes before maturing into late endosomes that ferry those cargoes to the lysosome. Liu et al. identify two proteins that spur early endosomes to transform and thus help ensure that cellular deliveries occur on schedule (1). As an early endosome morphs into a late endosome, it revamps its molecular composition. Early endosomes carry the GTPase Rab5, which attr...

Not a Sure Thing: Making Regulatory Choices

Commentary: Sure I'm Sure: Prefrontal Oscillations Support Metacognitive Monitoring of Decision Making

Projections and Retractions

The main result of this paper is a generalization of a theorem of R. S. Phillips [6] on the nonexistence of projections of l°° onto c0. If S is a locally compact Hausdorff space then let C(S) denote the space of bounded continuous real (or complex) valued functions on 5; also, let Co(S) be those functions in C(S) which vanish at infinity. If N is the space of positive integers with the discrete...

Making Memories Matter

This article reviews some of the neuroendocrine bases by which emotional events regulate brain mechanisms of learning and memory. In laboratory rodents, there is extensive evidence that epinephrine influences memory processing through an inverted-U relationship, at which moderate levels enhance and high levels impair memory. These effects are, in large part, mediated by increases in blood gluco...